Umusego w umusegokubahiriza: kubahiriza ibipimo by’umutekano muri Amerika & EU ni ngombwa kubakora ibicuruzwa bashaka kwinjira muri aya masoko. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana akamaro k'umutekano wibicuruzwa, kuranga neza, no gutekereza kubidukikije. Mugukurikiza ibyo bisabwa, abayikora barashobora kwirinda ibihano byemewe n'amategeko no guteza imbere ikizere cyabaguzi. Ni ngombwa ko abayikora bashyira imbere kubahiriza kugirango ibicuruzwa byabo by umusego wubudozi byujuje amabwiriza akomeye kandi bigere kumarushanwa.

Ibyingenzi

• Ababikora bagomba gukurikiza amategeko y’umutekano yo muri Amerika n’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi kugurisha ibicuruzwa no kugirirwa ikizere n’abakiriya. Bagomba gupima umutekano wumuriro n’imiti yangiza.
• Ibirango bigomba kuba bikwiye. Bagomba kwerekana ubwoko bwa fibre, uburyo bwo gukora isuku, nibicuruzwa byakorewe. Ibi bifasha abaguzi guhitamo neza no kwizera ikirango.
• Kuba ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Gukoresha ibikoresho byatsi nuburyo byujuje amategeko kandi bikurura abaguzi bita kubisi.

Silk Pillowcase Yubahiriza: Guhura na US & EU Ibipimo byumutekano

Incamake yo kubahiriza Amerika

Inganda zigamije isoko ry’Amerika zigomba kubahiriza umutekano uhamye n’amabwiriza agenga imisego y’imyenda. Komisiyo ishinzwe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa (CPSC) igenzura byinshi muri ibyo bisabwa, ikareba niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ibipimo by’umutekano mbere yo kwinjira ku isoko. Agace kamwe gakomeye karimo ibipimo byo gutwikwa. Umusego w umusego wubudodo ugomba kubahiriza itegeko rya Flammable Fabrics Act (FFA), ritegeka kwipimisha kugirango hemezwe ko umwenda urwanya gutwikwa mubihe runaka. Kutubahiriza amategeko bishobora kuvamo ibicuruzwa byibutswe cyangwa ibihano byemewe n'amategeko.

Umutekano wa shimi ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi gisuzumwa. Ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) kigenga ikoreshwa ry’imiti mu myenda hakurikijwe itegeko rigenga ibiyobyabwenge (TSCA). Ababikora bagomba kwemeza ko amarangi, arangiza, nubundi buryo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu musego w’ubudodo butarimo ibintu byangiza. Kwipimisha no gutanga ibyemezo akenshi birasabwa kugenzura niba byubahirizwa.

Ibirango bisabwa nabyo bigira uruhare runini mukubahiriza Amerika. Komisiyo y’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi (FTC) ishyira mu bikorwa itegeko ryo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa by’imyenda y’imyenda, ritegeka gushyira ibimenyetso neza ku bikoresho bya fibre, igihugu akomokamo, n’amabwiriza yita ku barwayi. Ibimenyetso bisobanutse kandi byukuri bifasha abakiriya gufata ibyemezo byubuguzi byuzuye kandi byubaka ikizere mubirango.

Incamake yubahiriza EU

Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ushyiraho amategeko akomeye ku musego w’ubudodo bwo kurengera abaguzi n’ibidukikije. Amabwiriza rusange yumutekano wibicuruzwa (GPSD) akora nkishingiro ryumutekano wibicuruzwa muri EU. Aya mabwiriza arasaba abayakora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo bifite umutekano kugirango bikoreshwe mubihe bisanzwe kandi biteganijwe. Ku musego w umusego wubudodo, ibi bikubiyemo kubahiriza ibicanwa n’umuriro w’umutekano.

Amabwiriza yo kwiyandikisha, gusuzuma, gutanga uburenganzira, no kugabanya imiti (REACH) agenga ikoreshwa ryimiti mu myenda mu bihugu by’Uburayi. Ababikora bagomba kumenya no kugabanya kuba hari ibintu byangiza mubicuruzwa byabo. KUBONA kubahiriza bikubiyemo gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye no kwipimisha kubandi.

Ibipimo byerekana ibimenyetso muri EU byerekanwe mumabwiriza agenga imyenda (EU) No 1007/2011. Aya mabwiriza arasaba abayakora gutanga amakuru yukuri kubijyanye na fibre hamwe nubuyobozi bwitaweho. Ibirango bigomba kuba bisobanutse, byumvikana, kandi byanditswe mundimi zemewe zigihugu mugihugu ibicuruzwa bigurishwa. Kutubahiriza amategeko bishobora kuganisha ku ihazabu cyangwa kubuzwa kugera ku isoko.

Usibye umutekano no kuranga, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ushimangira ibidukikije. Amabwiriza y’ibidukikije ashishikariza abayikora gutekereza ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa byabo mu buzima bwose. Ku musego w umusego wubudodo, ibi birashobora kuba bikubiyemo gukoresha amarangi yangiza ibidukikije, kugabanya gukoresha amazi mugihe cyumusaruro, no gukoresha uburyo burambye bwo gupakira.

Ibice byingenzi bigenga ibice bya Silk

Ibipimo byo gutwikwa

Ibipimo byaka umuriro bigira uruhare runini mukurinda umutekano w umusego w umusego. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura muri Amerika ndetse n’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi zisaba ababikora gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byabo kugira ngo barwanye umuriro. Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, itegeko ryitwa Flammable Fabrics Act (FFA) ritegeka ko umusego w umusego wubudodo wipimisha bikomeye kugirango hemezwe ubushobozi bwabo bwo kurwanya umuriro. Ibi bizamini bigereranya imiterere-yisi, nko guhura numuriro cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa bisa n’amabwiriza rusange y’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa (GPSD). Ababikora bagomba kwerekana ko ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ibipimo byerekana umuriro kugirango birinde ingaruka ziterwa numuriro. Kubahiriza bikubiyemo gutanga ibisubizo n'ibizamini n'inzego zibishinzwe.

Inama:Ababikora bagomba gufatanya na laboratoire yipimishije yemewe kugirango barebe ibisubizo nyabyo kandi birinde gutinda kwinjira mumasoko.

Umutekano wibikoresho nibikoresho

Amategeko y’umutekano n’ibikoresho arinda abaguzi kwirinda ibintu byangiza. Muri Amerika, itegeko rigenga ibiyobyabwenge (TSCA) rigenga ikoreshwa ry’imiti mu myenda, harimo n’imisego y’imyenda. Ababikora bagomba kugenzura ko ibicuruzwa byabo bitarimo imiti ishobora guteza akaga nka fordehide, ibyuma biremereye, hamwe n’amabara yabujijwe.

Amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ashyiraho n'ibisabwa bikomeye. Ababikora bagomba kumenya no kugabanya kuba hari ibintu bihangayikishije cyane (SVHCs) mubicuruzwa byabo. Iyi nzira akenshi ikubiyemo inyandiko zirambuye hamwe no kugerageza abandi bantu.

Icyitonderwa:Gukoresha amarangi yangiza ibidukikije hamwe nubuvuzi birashobora koroshya kubahiriza amahame yumutekano muke mugihe byongera ibicuruzwa kubakoresha ibidukikije.

Ibirango n'ibisabwa

Ibirango byukuri hamwe nububiko burambye nibyingenzi mukubahiriza amabwiriza no kwizerana kwabaguzi. Muri Amerika, komisiyo ishinzwe ubucuruzi (FTC) ishyira mu bikorwa itegeko ryo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bya fibre. Aya mabwiriza arasaba abayikora kuranga umusego w umusego wibikoresho bya fibre, igihugu bakomokamo, hamwe nubuyobozi bwitaweho. Ibirango bigomba kuba bisobanutse kandi biramba kugirango bihangane gukaraba inshuro nyinshi.

Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) No 1007/2011 ugaragaza ibisabwa bisa. Ibirango bigomba gutanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeranye na fibre hamwe nubuyobozi bwita kumvugo yemewe kumasoko yagenewe. Byongeye kandi, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urashishikariza ababikora gukora imyitozo irambye yo gupakira munsi y’amabwiriza y’ibidukikije.

Umuhamagaro:Kwandika neza ntibisobanura gusa kubahiriza ahubwo bifasha abakiriya gufata ibyemezo byubuguzi byuzuye, biteza imbere ubudahemuka.

Ingaruka zo Kwubahiriza hamwe nibikorwa byiza

Ingaruka Zisanzwe Zubahirizwa

Abakora umusego w umusego wubudodo bahura ningaruka nyinshi zo kubahiriza zishobora kubangamira isoko no kumenyekana. Imwe mu ngaruka zikunze kugaragara harimo kwipimisha bidahagije kugirango umuriro ugurwe. Ibicuruzwa binaniwe kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho birashobora gusubirwamo, gucibwa amande, cyangwa kubuzwa kumasoko yingenzi.

Iyindi ngaruka ikomeye ituruka kubirango bidakwiye. Kubura cyangwa amakuru adahwitse kubyerekeye fibre, amabwiriza yo kwita, cyangwa igihugu akomokamo birashobora gutuma umuntu atubahiriza amabwiriza ya Amerika na EU. Ibi ntabwo bivamo ibihano gusa ahubwo binatesha agaciro abaguzi.

Ingaruka zijyanye no kuramba nazo ziriyongera. Kunanirwa gukurikiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, nko gukoresha amarangi arambye cyangwa gupakira ibintu bisubirwamo, birashobora gutandukanya abakoresha ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, kutubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibidukikije nk’amabwiriza y’ibihugu by’Uburayi ashobora kugabanya isoko.

Inama:Igenzura risanzwe hamwe nundi mugeragezwa wa gatatu birashobora gufasha ababikora kumenya no gukemura icyuho cyujuje mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bigera kumasoko.

Imyitozo myiza kubakora

Kwemeza imikorere myiza birashobora kunoza cyane kubahiriza no kuzamura agaciro kikirango. Isoko ryimyitwarire yibikoresho fatizo, nkurugero, bishimangira ishusho yikimenyetso mu kwiyambaza abakiriya bashira imbere ibikorwa bashinzwe. Igabanya kandi ingaruka zijyanye no gushakisha ibintu bitemewe, kurinda izina ryikirango.

Kuramba bigomba gukomeza kwibandwaho. Ababikora barashobora guhuza ibyifuzo byabaguzi kubicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije bakoresheje amarangi arambye, kugabanya ikoreshwa ryamazi, bagahitamo gupakira neza. Izi mbaraga ntabwo zorohereza kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibidukikije gusa ahubwo ziteza imbere ubudahemuka bwabakiriya no kugurisha ibicuruzwa.

Kwandika neza kandi neza ni ikindi kintu cyiza gikomeye. Ababikora bagomba kwemeza ko ibirango byujuje ibisabwa byose, harimo fibre, amabwiriza yo kwita, hamwe nigihugu bakomokamo. Ibirango biramba birwanya gukaraba byongera umuguzi kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kutubahiriza.

Umuhamagaro:Gufatanya na laboratoire yemewe kandi ukomeza kugezwaho impinduka zoguhindura amategeko birashobora koroshya imbaraga zo kubahiriza no gukumira amakosa ahenze.

Kubahiriza amabwiriza ya Amerika na EU bituma isoko ryinjira kandi ryizera abaguzi. Ababikora bagomba kwibanda ku igeragezwa rikomeye, inyandiko zuzuye, no gukurikirana ivugururwa ryamabwiriza.

Inama:Kugisha inama impuguke mu nganda zirashobora koroshya ingamba zo kubahiriza no kugabanya ingaruka. Ingamba zifatika ntizirinda ibihano gusa ahubwo zizamura izina ryikirango no gutsinda ku isoko.

Ibibazo

Ni ibihe bihano byo kutubahiriza amabwiriza yimisego yubudozi?

Kutubahiriza amategeko bishobora kuvamo amande, ibicuruzwa byibutswe, cyangwa kubuzwa kumasoko yingenzi. Ababikora barashobora kandi kwangirika kwicyubahiro no gutakaza ikizere cyabaguzi.

Inama:Igenzura risanzwe hamwe ninama zinzobere zirashobora gufasha kwirinda ibi bihano.

Nigute ababikora bashobora kwemeza kubahiriza amahame yumutekano wimiti?

Ababikora bagomba gukora ibizamini byabandi, bagakomeza inyandiko zirambuye, kandi bagakoresha amarangi yangiza ibidukikije hamwe nubuvuzi kugirango babone umutekano w’imiti muri Amerika ndetse n’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi.

Hoba haribisabwa byihariye biramba kumisego yubudodo?

Nibyo, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urashishikariza imikorere irambye mu Mabwiriza y’ibidukikije. Ababikora bagomba gukoresha ibipfunyika bisubirwamo, kugabanya ikoreshwa ryamazi, kandi bagakoresha uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije.

Icyitonderwa:Imbaraga zirambye zirashobora kandi gukurura abakoresha ibidukikije.